Phenom/fɪˈnɒm/ is the 64-bitAMD desktop processor line based on the K10 microarchitecture,^[1] in what AMD calls family 10h (10 hex, i.e. 16 in normal decimal numbers) processors, sometimes incorrectly called 'K10h'. Triple-core versions (codenamed Toliman) belong to the Phenom 8000 series and quad cores (codenamed Agena) to the AMD Phenom X4 9000 series. The first processor in the family was released in 2007.

DRIVERS AMD ATHLON II X2 260 CHIPSET WINDOWS 7 DOWNLOAD. Userbenchmark, amd athlon ii x2 260 vs intel. Thermal design power, regor dual core. Ii x2 athlon, ii x3 fusion. Key features managing, motherboard model gigabyte. Adx260ocgmbox desktop processor. Intel atom n330, water benchmarks real. Amd athlon ii x2, ram latest driver release. CPUs, similar to AMD Phenom II N640. The Phenom II N640 is based on Champlain core, and it fits into Socket S1 (S1g4). There are also 35 Champlain chips, that work in the same socket. Below you will find brief characteristics of these processors, as well as stepping information.

Background[edit]

AMD considers the quad core Phenoms to be the first 'true' quad core design, as these processors are a monolithic multi-core design (all cores on the same silicon die), unlike Intel's Core 2 Quad series which are a multi-chip module (MCM) design. The processors are on the Socket AM2+ platform.^[2]

Before Phenom's original release a flaw was discovered in the translation lookaside buffer (TLB) that could cause a system lock-up in rare circumstances; Phenom processors up to and including stepping 'B2' and 'BA' are affected by this bug. BIOS and software workarounds disable the TLB, and typically incur a performance penalty of at least 10%.^[3] This penalty was not accounted for in pre-release previews of Phenom, hence the performance of early Phenoms delivered to customers may have been less than the preview benchmarks. 'B3' stepping Phenom processors were released March 27, 2008 without the TLB bug and with 'xx50' model numbers.^[4]

An AMD subsidiary released a patch for the Linux kernel,^[5] to overcome this bug by software emulation of accessed- and dirty-bits. This method causes less performance loss than previous workarounds. The program was said in December 2007 to have received 'minimal functional testing.'^[6][7]

AMD launched several models of the Phenom processor in 2007 and 2008 and an upgraded Phenom II in late 2008.^{[8][9][10][11]}

Features[edit]

Model naming methodology[edit]

The model numbers of the Phenom line of processors were changed from the PR system used in its predecessors, the AMD Athlon 64 processor family. The Phenom model numbering scheme, for-later released Athlon X2 processors, is a four-digit model number whose first digit is a family indicator.^[12] Energy Efficient products end with an “e” suffix (for example, 'Phenom 9350e'). Some Sempron processors use the prefix LE (for example, 'Sempron LE-1200')

Cores[edit]

Phenom X4[edit]

Agena (65 nm SOI)[edit]

• Four AMD K10 cores
• L1 cache: 64 KB + 64 KB^[14] (data + instructions) per core
• L2 cache: 512 KB per core, full-speed
• L3 cache: 2 MB shared among all cores
• Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz with unganging option
• MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
• Socket AM2+, HyperTransport with 1600 to 2000 MHz
• Power consumption (TDP): 65, 95, 125 and 140 Watt
• First release
  • November 19, 2007 (B2 Stepping)
  • March 27, 2008 (B3 Stepping)
• Clock rate: 1800 to 2600 MHz
• Models: Phenom X4 9100e to 9950

Phenom X3[edit]

Toliman (65 nm SOI)[edit]

• Three AMD K10 cores chip harvested from Agena with one core disabled^[15]
• L1 cache: 64 KBdata and 64 KBinstruction cache per core
• L2 cache: 512 KB per core, full-speed
• L3 cache: 2 MB shared between all cores
• Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz with unganging option
• MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
• Socket AM2+, HyperTransport with 1600 to 1800 MHz
• Power consumption (TDP): 65 and 95 Watt
• First release
  • March 27, 2008 (B2 Stepping)
  • April 23, 2008 (B3 Stepping)
• Clock rate: 2100 to 2500 MHz
• Models: Phenom X3 8250e to 8850

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Dual-core Processor Clock Speed

1. ^'AMD to Drop 'Athlon' Moniker on the High End'. DailyTech. May 2, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-05-06. Retrieved 2007-05-02.
2. ^'More Details on AMD 'Stars' Chipsets'. DailyTech. May 3, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-05-13. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
3. ^'Phenom TLB patch benchmarked: A look at how AMD's BIOS workaround impacts Phenom performance'. techreport.com. December 6, 2007. Archived from the original on 8 March 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
4. ^'High Performance AMD Phenom X4 Processors Lead the Charge to HD Desktop Gaming and Video'. AMD. March 27, 2008.
5. ^'AMD Family 10h revision B2 Erratum 298 and L2 Eviction Bug Workaround'. AMD. 5 December 2007. Archived from the original on 3 January 2008. Retrieved 7 December 2007.
6. ^Cyril Kowaliski (2007-12-05). 'Linux kernel patch reveals TLB bug's workings'. The Tech Report.
7. ^Scott Wasson (2007-12-06). 'Phenom TLB patch benchmarked'. The Tech Report.
8. ^'Final AMD 'Stars' Models Unveiled'. DailyTech. May 4, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2007-05-07.
9. ^'AMD Expands Upcoming Processor Branding'. DailyTech. June 4, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-08-23. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
10. ^'How to decipher AMD's new CPU naming code'. Gadget Lab. 2007-06-04.
11. ^'Model Number and Feature Comparisons AMD Athlon 64 X2 Dual-Core and AMD Athlon X2 Dual-Core Processors'. 2007. Archived from the original on 21 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
12. ^'AMD Revised Desktop Model Number Structure'. VR-Zone. October 9, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11.
13. ^VR-Zone reportArchived October 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 9, 2007.
14. ^In this article, the conventional prefixes for computer memory denote base-2 values whereby “kilobyte” (KB) = 2¹⁰ bytes.
15. ^https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/19Ms49ip5PBB7nYnf5urxsySvH-Sdy6liE2EBDaB8b54

External links[edit]

AMD is replenishing its ranks with five “new” processors which include an ultra affordable dual-core model and a modestly priced hexa-core processor. One of the most interesting processors in this launch is the Phenom II X6 1075T which will be situated between the 1055T and 1090T Black Edition processors in terms of price and performance.

While the Phenom II X6 1055T operates at 2.80GHz and the 1090T Black Edition at 3.20GHz the new 1075T slots in-between them with an operating frequency of 3.0GHz. Along with this new hexa-core processor we also have the Phenom II X4 970 Black Edition, Phenom II X2 560 Black Edition, Athlon II X4 645 and Athlon II X2 265.

The Phenom II X4 970 Black Edition is coming in at the current price point of the Phenom II X4 965 Black Edition ($185), which will have the latter model dropping to $165 where the 955 is right now. The Phenom II X4 925 has already been cut down and the same will likely happen to the 945 which is currently going for $135. This means that the Phenom II X4 lineup will consist of the Phenom II X4 970 Black Edition ($185), 965 Black Edition ($165) and 955 Black Edition ($155), all of which are effectively the same processor. If this happens as planned, then what is most relevant to the consumer is that the Phenom II X4 955 BE will become slightly more affordable.

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It is a similar story with the new Phenom II X2 560 Black Edition which will arrive at the same price point of the Phenom II X2 555 BE, effectively bumping it down a level. The Phenom II X2 560 BE is set to cost $99, pushing the Phenom II X2 555 BE down to $89 and likely seeing the end of life for the Phenom II X2 550.

The Athlon II X4 range is also receiving a small performance bump at no added cost. The king of the hill in this family was the Athlon II X4 640 which has now been overruled by the 645 which operates at 3.1GHz and comes in at $99. The Athlon II X4 processors are priced just $5 apart and offer 100MHz speed increments. There are no unlocked 'Black Edition' processors in this series, so you are buying a higher clock multiplier as you spend more bit by bit.

Finally we have the new Athlon II X2 265 (3.3GHz) which should come in at around $72 and provide a 100MHz speed bump over the 260 which we imagine will drop down to $66, then the 255 will drop to $63, the 250 should go for $58, and at last the 245 will become the cheapest dual-core processor offered by AMD at just $51.

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